Oscillating internal-combustion engine



Nov. 6, 1923.

- J. c. PERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE I Filed March 25 1921 8 Sheets-=Sheet 1 nmwhw Nov. 6, 1923.

J C. PERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 25. 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet a Nov. 6, 1923.

1,473,11g .1; c. PERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 8 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed March 25. 1921 Nov. 6, 1.923. I 11,473,1199

' J. c. PERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 25 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 4 Nov. 6, 1923.

- 1,473,199 J. c. PERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 25 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 5 Nov. 6, 1923. 2,4733% J. C. RERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 25 1921 8 Sheets-Sheet 6 Nov. 6, 1923. mmwg .1 c. PERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed March 25. 1921 s Sheets-Sheet v Nov. 6, 1923.

' 1,433,199 J. c. PERAZA OSCILLATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 8 Sheets-Sheet 8 Filed March 25. 1921 Patented Nov. 6, 1923.

airs era.

JOSE CASTILLG PERAZA, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

OSCILLATING INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed March 25, 1921.

1/ o 01'! 41:71am m (41 concern Be it known that I, Josn CAs'rrnLo PERAZA, a citizen of the Republic of liftexico, residing at and whose post-oliice address is 285 St. Nicholas Avenue, in the city of New York, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Oscillating Internal-Combustion Engines: and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

The invention relates to certain improvements in oscillating internal combustion engines involving a generally cylindrical casing having two opposite abutments dividing the same into two working chambers and a swinging piston having an enlarged central hub cooperating with the inner faces of the abutments and oppositely disposed radial sections or arms, which operate in the chambers under the influence of the explosive charges, said charges being admitted to the four explosion chambers in proper sequence and subjected to the usual four cycles of suction, compression, explosion, and exhaust, under the control of two rotary valves, one in each of the abutments aforesaid, which valves are properly operated from a rotary shaft, which receives its motion from the oscillating shaft of the en gine, upon whichthe piston aforesaid is mounted. The object of the invention is to generally increase the efficiency of engines of this type, render the same more durable and less liable to derangement under the ordinary conditions of use. The invention also contemplates material simplification of the several component parts of the engine and the construction of the apparatus as a whole, where-by not only the first cost of the apparatus will be materially reduced, but the costof operation, maintenance and repair will also be materially lessened.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which :f

'Fig. 1 is an end elevation of the engine;.

Fig. 2 is a side elevation thereof;

Fig. 5 is a vertical section on line 33 of i Fig. 2;

Fig. 4- is a section on linev i of. Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a longitudinal section through one of. the combined rotary supply andexaiis vel- Serial No. 455,468.

Fig. 6 isa sectional elevation on line 66 of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the rotary valve;

Fig. 8 is a side elevation thereof;

Fig. 9 is a View similar to Fig. 7 of the opposite end of the valve;

Fig. 10 is a vertical longitudinal section through one of the valve bushings;

Fig. 11 is a vertical transverse section through said bushing;

Fig. 12 is a side elevation of the shaft upon which the oscillating piston mount- Fig. 13 is a diagrammatic view of the engine, illustrating the mounting of the piston and the disposition of the packing means between the piston and the engine casing:

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary sectional elevation of one of the piston ends showing the packing means applied thereto;

Fig. 15 is a detail sectional view showing the means for adjusting the packing rings between the piston hub and the walls of the casing:

Figs. 16. 17, 18 and 19 are diagrams showing the relative positions of the piston and valves for a complete operation of the en gine.

Referring to the drawings, numeral 1 represents the main body portion of the engine casing, wnich is in the form of a generally cvlindrical hollow casting hav- 4 al base 2 and two oppositely lis posed abu ients 3, 3, which serve to divide the casing into two chambers in which the operating wings of the piston operate. The casing is preferably cast with water passages in the periphery thereof and also in the ab-utinents to admit of the circulation of water to cool the engine parts. The open. ends of the'casing are closed by cover plates at secured to the peripheral edges of the casing and also to the abutments 3 by bolts 5, as more particularly illustrated in Figs.

1 and 2. lilounted centrally within the cas-.

ing 1 an oscillating piston member com prising a hollow cylindrical hub section .6 and two radially disposed wing or vane sections 9, 9, oscillating between the arcuate ends of the inner 'abutments 3 and the vanes or wings 9 engaging the inner wall of the,

casing 1 at their peripheraledges and the inner faces of the cover plates at with their lateral faces, th e. end;taces,qt wings. or

Ell)

vanes 9 being in planes radial to the axis of oscillation. It has been. found that the foll'owing dimensions and relative proporhighly eflicient engine; which tions of the abut-merits, working,chanibers and pistonwings or vanes: have proven. effective in producing an economical and operate smoothly, without shocks or jars, and with coniparatively little wear between the rela- *.tively moving parts, to -wit: The annular dimensions of each of the 'abiitrnents is the total length of each of the chambers, in which the piston wings operate, is 130, the terminal 5 at each end thereof being clear ance v space and the angular dimension of each piston wing is so that the travel of a piston wing in eachhalf oscillation is 60, and'the hub section 6 is of a dianieter equal to one-half that of the interior ofthe cylindrical casing, as indicated inF-ig.

vTheoscillating pistonin'en ber is cast as an integral body providedgwith'hollow cores inthehub and wing sections to provide 'c-irculation passages for cooling water, and the central portion of the'liub is forniedwith a central circular recess '7 and two opposite rectangular recesses Sopeningtlierein to receivea specially constructed shaft to afi'iord' asimple-but strong and rig d connection between the piston and the shaft devoid of ordinary gibs or keys, which have proved elements of weakness in structures of this general character heretofore. flhe shaft 12 aforesaid is'provided at its mid-section with acentra-l cylindrical boss 15 terminating in lateral wings l6,'which parts accurately fit the hollow section within the hub, as illustrated in Figs. 3 andl2, the said central section of the shaft being securely locked to the piston niember by radial bolts 11 passing through the wing sections of the piston and engaging screw threaded recesses in the lateral wing sections 16 of the shaft. Preferably the'shaft 12 is formed with'water circulating passages, which connect with the hollow hub section 6 of the piston and with] the recesses in the wings, so that cooling water forced in through one end of the shaft traverses :the several hollow members of the piston hub and wing sections and is dis+ charged through the'opposite open end of said shaft 12. The shaft 12' is journalled in opposite bearings '12 adjustably mounted in Special forms of packing-devices are pr c' vided to insure substantia ly pressure-tight engagements between the relatively moving 'partsof the enginei'as follows. Each of the vane or wing sections 9 of the piston provided Willli fl series of longitudinal slots in the peripheral portions thereof. adapted to receive transverse packing'bars 20, and the lateral faces are provided with radial slots to IGCQlVG- packing bars Each of the end plates jt 'is .DT'JO'Y'lClGCl in its inner face with acircular slot 22 adapted toreceive a hard metal bearing ring 23 and two concentric;packing rings 2 l and 25,

. having cooperating bevelled faces, said rings 2e" and 25 being adapted to be heldin engagement with each other and jfwith the bearing ring 23 and the opposite wall. of the recess 22,; by means of followerp'ii s 27 mounted in recesses in tlieend plates and acted upon by helical springs 28, the tension of which is adjusted by 11162111801 set screws 29.. The pins 27 serve to' force], and hold. the packing rings 23' and 2e togethenwitli yielding pressure andalso to force the inner face of the iring 2st into accuratejen'gagement with the side wall of the hub Section 6 of the piston iiieinbei' near the peripheral edge of thelatter and thereby prevent the gases under heavy pressure, due to the 0011ipression stroke of thepistonon the one hand and the explosion stroke on" the other, escaping between the piston hub and tlieend plates. The packingring 24:" is interlocked with the ends ofther'a'dial packing barsQ'l by means of lugs 26 on the lower-ends of said bars engaging notch'es in the ring 2%, so that said ring 'parta-kes of the oscillatory IDOVGIIIGII'O of the piston and any wear which may take place will'be imposed on the rings. 23, 24cand. 25 and may be readily (1011113611 sated by setting up the screws 29. This particular form of packing is described and claimed in my companionapplication filed of even date herewith, Serial No. 455,309,"

filed March 24, 1921.

Tight'joints are maintained between the inner cooperating faces of the" abutnients 3"a'nd the'out'ersurface of the hub 6 by pro; 1

vidingtheiabutmentswith' transverse slots,

in 'wliich 'are mounted spring pressed pack Formed integrally iii "each of the abut inents 3 isa generally cylindrical valvel ca's ia zn, in winches moiiiiau,iprererat y' with.

' a driven fit, a cylindrical bushing '31-, illi'is trated in detailin Fires, 10*ai1d11, the inner face ofsaid: bushing being provided with, circuinferentia l; recesses to receive packing rings 32, and with longitudinal re- Y cesses extending between: the"inner sets if packing' rinifgs 32 t o re ceive sip pres ed pack ng bars38, the'packing' meters being disposed about ports34 and '35} in a,

the bushing which serve ascoinbined inlets 5 and exhausts] 'for'fthef explosion chambers formed between as abi tinents 3' and" end 'w'alls'of thepiston wings orvanes' '9."

Each bushing 31 not only has a'tight "fit in its abutment, but it is also clamped, in place between the side plates 4 bolted to the casing.

Mounted'in each of the bushings 31 is a combined. inlet and exhaust valve, illustrated in detail in Figs. 3 to 9 inclusive. Each of said valves includes a central generally cylindrical portion 40, preferably made of aluminum, or other. relatively light metal, keyed to a shaft 41, which is jour' nailed in bearings 41' in the end plates 4. The body of the valve is provided with two recesses 44 and 45, extending from the respective ends of the valve toward the middle section thereof and communicating with an inlet chamber 52 and an outlet chamber 53 respectively, which chambers are formed in the end plates 4. The central portion of the valve is incased in a shell 42, preferably of steel or other wear resisting material, and two annular end plates-43, the shell 42 accurately fitting the bore of the bushing 31 and being provided with. ports 46 and 47 communicating with the valve passages 44 and 45 respectively and with the channels or ports 36 and 37 leading from the valve casing to the working chambers of the engine. Preferably the valve body is cast hollow to provide a chamber for cooling water. which is in communication with passages through bothends of the shaft 41, which permits the cooling water to circulate through each of the valves, Sui-table ring packings 48 are interposed between'the sections of the shaft'41 and the end walls of the inlet and exhaust chambers 52 and adjacent the shaft bearings 41 41.

A common supply passage 50, formed in one of the cover plates 4, is'adapted to be connected with the carburetor or other source of supply f explosive mixture, and

said passage is provided with two branches 51, 51, which extend through the body of the end plate and communicate at their outer ends with the inlet chambers 52 of the upper and lower supply and exhaust valves respectively. Each of the exhaust chambers 53 of the upper and lower valves communicates with discharge passages 54 constituting extensions of the opposite cover plate and may, if desired, be connected with an ordinary exhaust manifold. v

The rotary valves 40 are operated in properly timed relation by means of gears 55 onrthe outer ends of the shafts 41, 41, which are driven by worm sections carried by shaft 56, which latter is driven from the rotary shaft operated by the engine.

The engine casing 1 is provided at points adjacent the sides of the abutments 3 with tapped openings adapted to receive spark plugs for igniting the charges in the combustion chambers.

, In order to properly lubricate the reladeliver oil to the inner peripheral surfaces of the piston Wings and the interior wall of the engine casing. The upper oil duct 80 is also provided with a branch 83 which communicate with the recess 22 in which the packing rings24 and 25 operate, and as this recess fills with oil the surplus flows intothe annular recess between the end plate and the piston hub and thence into the shaft bearing 12 to lubricate the latter.

As indicated, a crank 60 is attached to the shaft 12 on each side of the engine, and

the two cranks, thus provided, are adapted to be connected with an ordinary crank shaft, to whichv either a continuous rotary or oscillating motion may be imparted, or, if desired, the cranks aforesaid may be attached to any other type of device to which the movement of the engine is to be imparted.

The sequence of operations is diagrammatically indicated in Figs. 16,17. 18 and 19 and the legends thereon clearly indicate the condition maintained in each of the four chambers between the operating faces of the piston wings and the cooperating abutments for a complete oscillation of the piston element, the engine operating on the four cycle principle.

lVhat I claim is:

1. An internal combustion engine com prising a cylindrical casing having oppositely disposed radial abutments therein dividing the casing into two chambers, end cover plates for the casing, an oscillating piston having a cylindrical hub engaging said abutments and radial arms operating in said chambers, said hub having a central circular opening and two oppositely disposed recesses extending therefrom. and a shaft journalled in said cover plates and having a middle section comprising a cylindrical. portion and two radial wings fitting journalled in said cover plates and having v in said chambers, said'hub having a central a middle-section comprising a cylindrical portion "and tWo radial wings'vfitting'the opening in the hub, and radial bolts passingthrough the piston arms and engaging the wing sections of the piston.

3. An internal combust on engine, comprlslng'a cylindrical caslngahaving oppositely disposed radial abutments dividing the casing, 1nto two chambersyan oscillating piston having a cylindricalhub engaging said'abutmentsand radial arms operating circular opening and two oppositely 1disposedrecesses extending therefrom, a shaft journalled in said cover plates and having a 'middle section comprising, a cylindrical portion: and two radial wings fitting the opening in the hub, rotary valves. in said abutments connected with said chambers,

end cover plates for the casing, and inlet and exhaust passages in said-cover plates communicating with the casings of the ro-' tary valves.-

; l. An internal combustion engine comprising a cylindrical casing having oppositely disposed .radial abutmentsv dividing the casing into, two opposite piston chambers;- an oscillating piston having "a cylindrical hub journaled inthe' casing between said abutments and having radial arms operatcover plates secured to opposite sides of the casing and having cylindrical chambers positioned at the endsolthe valve chambers and commimicating with the, passages leadf 7 ing through the ends of the adjacent valves, one of saidcover plates having supply passages I leading to the cylindrical chambers therein and the other coverplatehaving discharge passages leading from its'cyli'ndrical c chambers.

-"5.'A11 internal combustion engine comprising a jcylindrical casing having oppositely disposed radial abutments dividing the casing into two'opposite piston chainbers, an oscillating piston having a cyli-n drical hubjo'urnaled in the casing between said abutments and havlng radial arms operating, 1n. said .cl1ambers,- each radial abutment having a transverse cylindrical valve chamber and passages leading from ports at the intermediate part ofthevalve Chamber to the opposite piston chambers, a. bushing co-extensive With each valve chamber and having openings through its walls registering with the 'ports leadinglrom'said chamber; avalvewrotatable in each bushlng hav ing passa'ges'leading from its oppositeends to'po'rts positioned in'its intermediate part to register with the ports in said bushing as'the valve is rotated, and cover plates se-- cured to opposite sides of. the cylindrical casing andclainping. the bushings in the valve chambers-between them,jsaid plates havingfcylindricalchambers positioned at the'ends of the valvechambers and communicating with the passages leading through the ends of the adjacent valves, one

of said cover'plates havinglsupply' passages;

leading to the cylindrical chambers therein andthe other cover plate having discharge passages leading from its bers.,. v Q In testimony whereofI' aifix my signature.

cylindrical cham JOSE "CASTILLO IPERAZAL 

